Pap Smear Specialist

What is a Pap Smear?

A pap smear is a simple test that's performed during a pelvic exam to screen for the presence of abnormal cells that are associated with some types of cancer as well as other conditions like human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. A pap smear takes just a few moments to complete during your regular checkup appointment. Women 21 years of age and older should have a pap test every three years up until they reach their mid-60s, when they can discuss with the doctor whether or not they should continue to have tests.

How is a Pap Smear Performed?

Pap tests use long swabs similar to a Q-Tip, but with a much longer handle. The soft end of the swab is used to gently remove cells from the surface of the cervix (the opening of the uterus) and sometimes in other areas along the wall of the vaginal canal. The test is performed while you're lying on your back on the exam table with your feet in the supports (sometimes called stirrups). A speculum will be used to gently widen the vaginal canal to allow the doctor to reach the cervix with the swab. Once the cell samples are retrieved, the swab will be evaluated under a microscope to look for the presence of abnormal cells.

What if I Have an Abnormal Pap Test Result?

Most abnormal pap test results occur due to reasons other than cancer, including yeast infections, hormonal fluctuations, and HPV infection. If you have an abnormal result, a second test may be performed or you may undergo a different type of test called colposcopy which uses a special magnifying device to evaluate areas where abnormal cells are present. Colposcopy highlights areas so biopsies – larger samples – can be obtained for further study. Most abnormal pap test results are not associated with cancer, but further testing should be performed to determine the underlying cause. Colposcopy is performed right in the doctor's office using a similar technique as a pap test.